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Mongolia Climate
There are four well-defined seasons, and on average, the sun shines for well over 200 days a year. The climate is harsh continental with low precipitation. The temperature varies greatly within the year; the same phenomenon may also occur within a day.
The last 60 years of meteorological observation show annual average temperatures of 8.5C in the Gobi and -7.8C in the mountains. The extreme minimum temperature is between 31.1C below zero and 52.9C below zero in January. The extreme maximum temperature is between 28C and 43.1C in July. Annual precipitation is low, averaging 200-220mm, ranging from under 50mm in the extreme south (Gobi desert) tom 400mm in limited areas in the north. Most precipitation occurs in June, July and August, and the driest months are November to March.
The same meteorological records show that the annual air temperature has risen 1.56C on average since, more in winter (3.61C) and less in spring (1.4-1.5C). Summer temperatures have fallen to see a relative decrease by 0.3C.
There has been more temperature increase in May and September, bit little change in April. The summer temperature drop has been mainly in June and July. Temperature changes have also been spatial. Winter warming has been more pronounced in the high mountains and valleys and less in the steppe and Gobi. There is a thawing of permafrost in 63 percent of, which some claim is due to global warming. Half of the country has an average temperature of below freezing point. The length of time of snow covering has reduced, and soil erosion has increased in recent years.
The number of days with dust storm has tripled over the last 40 years.
Throughout 1999-2000, over half of Mongolia has been drought-stricken, more intense than any other time in the last 60 years, coupled with dzud /hard winter/. These unfavorable weather factors have had an adverse effect on Mongolian social and economic development.
Meteorologists stress, however, that the environmental and ecological degradation being experienced is not solely the result of weather and possible climate change, but also being the consequence of human activity.
The last 60 years of meteorological observation show annual average temperatures of 8.5C in the Gobi and -7.8C in the mountains. The extreme minimum temperature is between 31.1C below zero and 52.9C below zero in January. The extreme maximum temperature is between 28C and 43.1C in July. Annual precipitation is low, averaging 200-220mm, ranging from under 50mm in the extreme south (Gobi desert) tom 400mm in limited areas in the north. Most precipitation occurs in June, July and August, and the driest months are November to March.
The same meteorological records show that the annual air temperature has risen 1.56C on average since, more in winter (3.61C) and less in spring (1.4-1.5C). Summer temperatures have fallen to see a relative decrease by 0.3C.
There has been more temperature increase in May and September, bit little change in April. The summer temperature drop has been mainly in June and July. Temperature changes have also been spatial. Winter warming has been more pronounced in the high mountains and valleys and less in the steppe and Gobi. There is a thawing of permafrost in 63 percent of, which some claim is due to global warming. Half of the country has an average temperature of below freezing point. The length of time of snow covering has reduced, and soil erosion has increased in recent years.
The number of days with dust storm has tripled over the last 40 years.
Throughout 1999-2000, over half of Mongolia has been drought-stricken, more intense than any other time in the last 60 years, coupled with dzud /hard winter/. These unfavorable weather factors have had an adverse effect on Mongolian social and economic development.
Meteorologists stress, however, that the environmental and ecological degradation being experienced is not solely the result of weather and possible climate change, but also being the consequence of human activity.
